Reference Desk 610.902.8537
No Operator | Searches words together as a phrase in the exact order in which you have typed them. |
AND | Retrieves records containing both or all of the search terms joined by AND; the middle sliver of a Venn Diagram. |
OR | Retrieves records containing either or any of the search terms joined by OR; everything included in a Venn Diagram |
NOT | Retrieves records that do not contain a specific term. |
( ) |
Groups words together so that you can relate phrases by operators or layer your operators. For example: (feminist or feminism) AND (literary (theory or criticism)) Just like high school algebra, parentheses must be in pairs, and the inner-most pair is worked first. |
Databases pull supplied information about a resource to build their citations. If information has been input incorrectly (all caps, reversed first and last name, abbreviations, etc), those mistakes will be reflected in the database supplied citation.
Please double check any citations that you receive or copy from a database against your APA manual or the APA cheat sheet below!
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