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American Sociological Association 4th Edition style has some similarities to APA and some important differences. The following are some basic examples of citation using ASA style. For more information consult the style guides to the right.
In-text citation, paraphrase from book:
Hamilton felt slighted at not being given a front-line command position (Chernow 2004: 155).
Reference entry, book:
Chernow, Ron. 2004. Alexander Hamilton. New York, NY: Penguin Press.
In-text citiation, paraphrase from book chapter:
According to Becker, a commercial musician was looked on by the jazz community as one who sacrificed artistic goals and respect of his peers for frequent jobs and good pay (2014: 170).
Reference entry, book chapter:
Becker, Howard S. 2014. "The Professional Dance Musician and His Audience. Pp. 164-175 in Keeping Time: Readings in Jazz History, edited by Robert Walser. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
In-text citation, excerpt from journal article:
New approaches to mass media began in earnest when “the Web’s aura of empowerment and control also cast shadows on old media.” (Heuman 2011: 32)
Reference entry, journal article (from online database):
Heuman, Josh. 2011. “'I Don't Want to Pay for What I Don't Watch': The Cultural Politics of à la Carte Cable Television and the Cultural Life of Communication Policy." Communication, Culture & Critique 4(1): 31-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-9137.2010.01091.x
In-text citation, paraphrase from magazine article:
The Tel Aviv Stock Exchange hosted only four initial public offerings in 2014 (Coppola and Solomon 2014: 41).
Reference entry, magazine article from online database (using permalink):
Coppola, Gabrielle, and Shoshanna Solomon. 2014. "Persuading Israel’s Tech Firms to IPO at Home." Bloomberg Businessweek, (4403): 40-41. Retrieved July 12, 2017 (http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true& db=mth&AN=99418874&site=ehost-live).
In-text citation, excerpt from webpage:
“When employees understand the end goal, they’re more likely to deliver what is needed from them the first time around.” (Rittiman 2015)
Reference entry, webpage:
Rittiman, Elizabeth. 2015. "Make yourself indispensable – 8 traits that prove leadership potential." Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University. Retrieved July 12, 2017 (https://csuglobal.edu/blog/make-indispensable-8-traits-prove-leadership-potential).
In-text citation, paraphrase from webpage, no author (use corporate author):
Stimulus fading is a technique that involves slowly introducing less familiar people in the child’s environment and gradually encouraging the child to interact with them (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 2017).
Reference entry, webpage, no author (use corporate author):
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 2017. "Selective mutism." Retrieved July 12, 2017 (http://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/SelectiveMutism/).
ASA Formatting and Style Guide from the Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL)
ASA Citation Format from San Jose State University
ASA Style from Harvard University
