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APA Style: Audio-Visual Media

Audio-Visual Media

References to audio-visual media must include the following elements: name and function of the primary contributors (e.g., producer, director), date, title, the medium in brackets, location or place of production, and name of the distributor. If the medium is indicated as part of the retrieval ID, brackets are not needed.

Videocassette/DVD

Achbar, M. (Director/Producer), Abbott, J. (Director), Bakan, J. (Writer), & Simpson, B.

(Producer) (2004). The corporation [DVD]. Canada: Big Picture Media Corporation.

Audio recording

Nhat Hanh, T. (Speaker). (1998). Mindful living: a collection of teachings on love,

mindfulness, and meditation [Cassette Recording]. Boulder, CO: Sounds True Audio.

Motion picture

Gilbert, B. (Producer), & Higgins, C. (Screenwriter/Director). (1980). Nine to five [Motion

Picture]. United States: Twentieth Century Fox.

Television broadcast

Anderson, R., & Morgan, C. (Producers). (2008, June 20). 60 Minutes

[Television broadcast]. Washington, DC: CBS News.

Television show from a series

Whedon, J. (Director/Writer). (1999, December 14). Hush [Television series episode]. In

Whedon, J., Berman, G., Gallin, S., Kuzui, F., & Kuzui, K. (Executive Producers),

Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Burbank, CA: Warner Bros..

Music recording

Jackson, M. (1982). Beat it. On Thriller [CD]. New York: Sony Music.

Photograph

Smith, B. (Photographer). (2006). [Untitled photograph of the protest]

 [Photograph], Provided by the photographer.

Image

Many web based images do not have titles.  In this case, create a brief title for the image and place it in brackets, unitalicized.

[Untitled photograph of a baby chimpanzee]. Retrieved April 12, 2006,

 from: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/jdtr/struc/chimp3.htm

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